Tuesday, August 03, 2010

Tribalism in 21th Century

Robert Kaplan in "The Coming of Anarchy" points out that the rise tribalism in 21 century is due to globalization and weakening of the state power is the biggest event for the new times. But he thinks the wars of tribalism happen outside state similar to Africa. In Iran we actually see the opposite trend. An Azeri Turk tribe has taken over the state in Iran and uses the state as the tool for its policies. This has led to a "centralized tribal state" in Iran.

The consequence of "Azeri Turk Centralized Tribal State" in Iran with access to oil revenues with a barrel of oil costing over 100 dollars, has been daily execution for other ethnic minorities in Iran. Those include Persians, Kurds, Baluchs, Arabs and others who being executed on a daily basis by the Azeri Turk tribal regime.

In Khorasan Azeri Turks call Afghan natives of Khorasan for drug smugglers and execute them as criminals and not as political opponnets of the regime.

These executions are filmed and the video is placed by Azeri Turks on the internet to scare people in Iran. Other crimes of the regime such as cutting hands and stoning woman is also filmed by Azeri Turks.

The criminal George Bush regime has been a strong supporter of Ahmadinejad and without US financial support through world bank and International Monetary Fund, Ahmadinejad Regime would not have survived in two days.

The weakening of George Bush regime has led to policy reconsiderations in US. The nature of these changes is not clear yet to political observers.

Tuesday, July 29, 2008

Why an Afghan Empire is necessary?

Afghanistan on a CrossRoad
Afghanistan is on a crossroad. The problem for Afghanistan is that it is not possible to go back in history. It is not possible for Afghanistan to remain where it is. Powerfull forces of globalization will wipe out Afghanistan sooner or later. These forces will invade Afghanistan either from West (Iran) or South (Pakistan) or in parallel. The most likely force actually comes from West (Iran) as it has financial resources to take over Afghanistan.

A lot of attention is directed at south and problem with Taliban. Even if it is possible to turn Taliban against Pakistan in a long term, there is an easier solution. The easier solution is turn Taliban against West where there is no dispute about Iranians as the main enemy of Afghanistan.

The regime in Iran is divided into two factions. A faction called Iranians. The other faction is called Moslems. Iranians represent Azeri Turks who are a major ethnic group in Iran. Iranians are about %40 of the population of Iran. Iranian is a name adopted by Azeri Turks in 18 century. In Afghanistan Iranians are known as Qizilbash or simply as Iranians. The other faction which is called the Moslems represent the natives of Iran. That includes Persians, Kurds, Lurs, Arabs, Baloochs, Turcomans etc.

Iranians are about to start a civil war against the natives of Iran. Iranians are supported by US. US policy in central Asia and Caucasus is to promote Pan Turkism in these areas using Iranians. US also promotes Pan Turkism in Afghanistan under "Tajik" name. US has created a non-existant entity called "Tajik" in Afghanistan which includes both Dari speaking Bactrian Afghans and Dari Speaking Turks.

Iranians have started their bombing campaigns in both Shiraz and Mashahd, two major Persian areas for historical reasons. They also have cut of water supplies to Arabs in Khuzestan province in south west Iran. Toxic gases have also been released in Abadan, Bushehr and Shiraza in southern Iran. In Shiraz, the capital of Persian Province Pars a state of emergency has been declared and people have been asked not to leave their homes.
Other forces in Iran are also getting armed for a confrontation with Iranians in Iran. Even US might move in with military forces. There are sanction against the regime and Mr. Ahamdinejad last attempt to save himself by assasination attempt on President Karazai failed. So with very little investments by Afghans, Afghans would receive enormous returns on their investments from supporting native population of Iran such as Persians, Balochs, Kurds, Arabs and other natives of Iran.

Afghanistan and Persians in Iran
What Afghanistan can do to promote Persians is very simple. Afghanistan should insist on regional trade with Persian speaking Khorasan province next to Herat and avoid direct Kabul-Tehran trade relations. Khorasan will become a powerfull ally of Afghanistan in Iran. Industries dealing with Afghanistan in Iran such as car industry should be moved to Khorasan instead.

Pakistan being very concerned about the emergence of Khorasan as a counter force to Pakistan on the borders of Afghanistan has dispatched the Pakistani Prime Minister and the Pakistani Foreign minister to Khorasan to meet with high level officials in Khorasan. This is the significance of Khorasan for the future of Afghanistan.

Afghan policy should be similar to other countries in the region. For example the Republic of Azerbaijan in north west Iran is promoting the interest of Azeris in Iran. It constantly talks about "Persian chauvanism" and "lack of rights for Azeris" when Azeris themselves are actually running Iran. Turkey has the same policy in Central Asia. Afghanistan should also start talking about Persians in Iran and start promoting Persians as a minority group living under Azeri Turkish rule.

The move on Iran would signal the rise of Afghan Empire in 21 century.

Afghanistan and Globalization
Some people look at Afghanistan as an isolated country. But that is not the case. There are two major forces in Afghanistan. Iran and Pakistan. Russia and India are too far to be able to influence the situation. Both Iran and Pakistan is trying to pull Afghanistan to themselves. The same situation exist between Iran and Turkey in Central Asia. What has happened in Central Asia is Turkey and Iran has started cooperating with each other and dividing up central asia into spheres and influence. The same thing is happening in Afghanistan. Pakistan and Iran has started cooperating with each other and dividing up Afghanistan. That is why Pakistanis who were attacking Iranian Azeris until yesterday have moved to defend the same Iranian Azeris today.

One Scenario is to dream up a Pakistani Empire and the other is planning an Azeri-Turk Iranian Empire. Both these options are not very good for Afghanistan. There can be no integration of AFghan economy into Iranian economy as long as Azeri Turks are running Iran which have totally alien culture to Afghans. So the project of a central Asian European Union type sturcture is not possible.

In central Asia , Persian-Afghan Culture have influenced those countries in the past. But that Iran under the leadershop of Azeri Turks is not the cultural inheritor of ancient Persia. Currently now Iran is more similar to Mexico than ancient Persia.

But Afghanistan and its people are actually closer to ancient Persian Empire than Iran is. What is needed is the creation of an Afghani Empire based on Afghans including Persians and natives living in Iran. This combined force can remove Azeri Turks from power in Iran and replace Afghans and Persians instead. Beginning of 1980's some people in Iran had these plans and that is why they nominated an Afghan as the first President of Iran post "Islamic Revolution" in Iran. One of these people were Ayattollah Khomeniny himself.

That is the only way out for Afghanistan. How an Afghan with 5 cents in his pocket is going to stand up to an Azeri Iranian with millions of dollars and a latest model car coming to Kabul to take an Afghani girl to Tehran? This is not a joke. They have already made a music video about it. Empty talk about United Nation and World Peace is not going to help. This is the lesson that Russians have learned. Otherwise Afghanistan will either become Pakistanized by Pakistanis or Turkified by Azeri Iranians. Events will eventually take over and wake you up from sleep.

These are reasons that we think an "Afghan Empire" is necessary and is possible.

Several points about Afghanistan:

1. Afghanistan is only 300 years old country.
2. Afghanistan is actually ancient Persia which has kept its independence. Persia or Iran has fallen to Turkish hands.
3. Zoroastura was actually from Afghanistan and Persians still have Zoarastrian culture in addition to Islam which they share with Afghans.
4. The most important resource is not money or oil but people and their culture. In those terms Afghanistan is a very rich country.
5. Afghans and Persians have led one of biggest Empires in history for 100's of years. The current situation allows a re-creation of that Empire.
6. An "Afghan Empire" is supported by the all regional powers . India, China and Russia will support an "Afghan Empire".
7. Afghanistan claims to the Persian heritage and history is much stronger than Iran's claims to Persian history.
8. Afghanistan can claim a historical and cultural leadership over Central Asia and it will accepted by those countries in Central Asia with no questions asked.
9. An alliance of Persians and Afghans would make it possible for Persians to remove Iranians/Azeri-Turks from power and extend Afghan power into Iran. This can be done in several stages where Khorasan economy can be integrated into Afghan economy. This requires major investments by Americans in Afghanistan.
10.The requirements for the alliance of Persians and Afghans exists. The Islamic Republic of Iran regime has destroyed the alliance of Azeri Turks and Persians formed since the Qajar dynasty in 1800. On the ruins of Islamic Republic of Iran, the new alliance of Persians and Afghans will emerge. Secondly the world economic globalization is an external engine that would make this alliance of Persians and Afghans both necessary and possible.
11. Afghanistan culture and traditions makes it possible to oppose any attempts to impose "Multi-Culturalism" whereby foreign forces import large number of people from some poor country into another country in order to destroy the ethnic identity of that country and enable foreign control of the country. That is no invasion of Pakistanis or Azeri Turks allowed into Afghanistan.
12. The center of this empire should be moved to Herat from Kabul as it has been in the past history. This would reorient Afghanistan from Pakistan to Khorasan, Turkemenistan and Central Asia.
13. What connects Afghanistan with Central Asia and Iran is Afghanistan has a central Asian culture which they share with Central Asia. The natives of Iran have Central Asian culture. The other major culture in Iran is the Azeri Turk culture which is related to Turks in Caucasus an Anatolia. There is a big difference between these two cultural areas.

The Rise of the Greater Khorasan in 1700 and the Fall of Saffavids/Azeri Turks/Qizilbash power in Iran in 1722

History Text:
Safavid Persia reached its peak in power and prosperity under Shah Abbas (1586-1628). Abbas' conquests and reforms gave the empire a hundred years of peace but there also began a process of internal decay.[2] As the Safavid empire declined, its control over the border areas weakened. A revolt of the Ghilzai tribe at Kandahar in 1709 culminated in their sack of Isfahan, the Safavid capital in 1722, and the deposition of the Safavi dynasty. Chaos ensued as Afghans, Turks, and Russians descended upon the land. Persia was occupied and partitioned.[3]
The destruction of Safavid Persia allowed tribal forces there to gain control and in the process a lasting division of Persia was created. While Nadir's heirs clung precariously to Mashad, the Zand and Qajar tribes battled for control of the western provinces and the Durrani tribe gained possession of the east. The land was devastated. Khorasan especially became a battlefield; there were invasions from both east and west as well as Uzbeg raids from the north. With in forty years following 1719, Herat changed hands five times and was under siege for a total of 24 months.

In the east after Nadir's assassination, Ahmad Shah of the Durrani tribe gained control of Khorasan, including Herat, but his main effort was against India where he brought the entire Indus river basin under Afghan rule.[6]

Summary:
1708 Mir Wais Neka (forerunner of Afghan independence) makes Kandahar independent of Safavid Persia that had ruled it since 1622. Mir Wais, considered by some to be the father of Afghan independence, takes over Kandahar. His son, Mir Mahmud, invades Persia and liberates Herat.

1715-- Mir Wais dies peacefully, and lies in a mausoleum outside of Kandahar.
1722-- Mir Wais' son, Mir Mahmud, invades Persia and occupies Isfahan. At the same time, the Durranis revolt, and terminate the Persian occupation of Herat. The Durranis revolt to throw out Persians from Herat.
1725 (April 25)--Mir Mahmud is mysteriously killed after going mad. Afghans start to lose control of Persia.

1736 Persian King Nadir Shah occupies the south-west and later Kandahar; assassinated in 1747.the Persian Nadir Shah extended his rule to N of the Hindu Kush. After his death (1747) his lieutenant, Ahmad Shah, an Afghan tribal leader, established a united state covering most of present-day Afghanistan. His dynasty, the Durrani, gave the Afghans the name (Durrani) that they themselves frequently use.
1747 Nadir Shah is assassinated, and the Afghans rise once again. Afghans, under the leadership of Ahmad Shah Abdali retake Kandahar, and establish modern Afghanistan.
1747 - 1773 Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali and (Ahmad Shah Baba) is the founder of today's Afghanistan. Pir Sabir Shah, the spiritual guide of the time, showered his praise for the young Ahmad Shah by declaring him Dar-e-Durran (pearl of the pearls) not because that he was a military giant but for his humanity a definite quality of a statesman. The start of the Durrani's Empire.

Mir-Wais Hotak: The Protector of Persian Empire
The Persian Cromwell: being an account of the life and surprizing atchievements and successes of Miri-Waiz, great Duke of Kandahar, and protector of the Persian Empire. Written by a Swedish officer in 1724 who, for many years, was domestic slave to Mir-Waiz. To which is prefix'd, his effigy curiously engraved from an original painting.

Afghans ruled Iran for the most of 17 century starting with the defeat of Azeri Turk Saffavids in
1722 in Isfahan.

Mir-Wais from Pashtoon Ghizali tribe considered himself as the inheritor of Persian Empire when Azeri turks rule were defeated in Iran by Afghans and shifted back the power balance to Persian forces such as the "Zand Lor dynasty" in Pars province.
Published/distributed: London : Printed for W. Mears ... and J. Roberts ..., 1724.
Physical description: 4 p. l., 196 p. front. (port.) 14 cm.
Notes: Signatures: A^(4), B-I¹?, K².
Title within double line border....: Bound in calf; frontispiece mounted.
Subject(s): Muhammad Mi?r Wais.
Iran --History.
Record ID: 2740023
Collection: UCLA Libraries and Collections
Location: Clark Library (closed until Oct. 2)
Call Number: DS293.3 .P46 *

Persia and Afghanistan

Persians have not ruled Iran for a 1000 years and Iran has been ruled by different turk tribes since then. The difference between Iran and Afghanistan is actually very clear:

Afghanistan is Persia that has kept its independence. Iran is Persia that has fallen to Turkish Rule.

Only for a short time in 17 century Iran was ruled by Afghans and that is the real non-turk rule in Iran. Khorasan belonged to Afghanistan until 1840. People of Khorasan are actually Afghans but the regime in Iran calls them "Iranian" which they mean they are turks. This is what Mr. Jkabuli repeats all time that "Iranians" are turks meaning Khorasanis are Azeri Turks!!!!. Azeri Turks actualy live in North West Iran and not in North East Iran.

Turk Administration in Iran: The following is the list of Turk regimes in Iran

  • Seljukid Empire (1037–1187)
  • Khwarezmid dynasty (1077–1231)
  • Ilkhanate (1256–1353)
  • Muzaffarid dynasty (1314–1393)
  • Chupanid dyansty (1337–1357)
  • Jalayerid dynasty (1339–1432)
  • Timurid Empire (1370–1506)
  • Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans (1407–1468)
  • Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans (1378–1508)
  • Safavid dynasty (1501–1722/1736)
  • Afsharid dynasty (1736–1802)
  • Qajar 1800-1900

Kabuli Girl or Indian Girl

This thread is going to be about why an "Afghan Empire" is necessary? An "Afghan Empire" would eliminate a "Pakistani Empire" or An "Iranian Azeri Turk Empire" and would put Afghanistan in the leadership position in Western Asia.

The map shows an Afghan Empire in the Past: According to history books taught in schools in Iran, Afghans actually extended the Afghan Empire as far as Isfahan in the center of Persia so this map is not entirely correct. It only includes Khorasan.

What is an Afghan Empire is going to solve: See this video below

Dokhtare Kabuli or Hindi?

This Video is called Dokhtar Kabuli or a Girl from Kabul. What is interesting is an Iranian pretending to be a Persian is singing for an Indian Girl who is dancing with a Sari. Iranians are Azeri Turks/Qizilbash who call themselves Iranians. The number of errors in this video is unlimited. Iranians do not live in Khorasan province next to Afghanistan as it is presented in the Video. There is no Afghan or Kabuli girl in the video. Instead the girl is an Indian girl. And Azeri Turks have no ethnic relations with Afghans. The video ends with Azeri Turk riding a car with the "Afghan Kabuli" girl and approaches the Iranian border from Afghanistan side. In other words the the Azeri Turk Iranian finds an Afghan "Kabuli" woman and brings her to Iran. The video is pointing out that rich Azeri Turks from Iran should go to Afghanistan and bring Afghani woman to Iran. This is called by Azeri Turk Iranians as "Aryanization of Azeri Turks into Aryans". You can read more about it under "The Policy of Turkification of Iran". This video is supposed to mark the start of Afghani woman trade by Azeri Turk Iranian regime in Tehran. The Tehran regime does not encourage regional trade or expansion of trade between neighboring Khorasan Persian Province and Herat, but wants to have only Azeri-Turk-Afghan trade relation with Kabul which is Tehran-Kabul trade relation. This is even clear from the name of the video. "Dokhtare Kabuli" instead for "Dokhtare Herati" or "Dokhtare Mashhadi". Also the Azeri Iranian guy is not some local Persian from neighboring province of Khorasan but some rich Azeri Turk from Tehran who has stolen millions of dollars in oil revenue and drives a latest model car.

Video: Dokhtar Kabuli Video by Azeri Turk Iranian Shahab Tiam:

Monday, July 21, 2008

The US Policy in Afghanistan

The US is following these objectives in Afghanistan

  • Control of Oil and Gas Pathways to world Markets
  • Control of Central Asia and Confrontation with Russia and China
  • "Islamic Fundamentalism" and Iranian Azeri Pan Turkism as a Policy Instrument

To carry out these policies the US tries to establish a presence in Afghanistan. The US tries to go beyond a military presence and establish itself in Afghanistan as a political force. In order to that it needs to reshape the Afghan society into social relations that is not dependent on a few political leaders but tries to have an independent social base in Afghanistan. This requires several social elements.

Firstly it wants to elimnate tribalism and replace it with a strong central state. Secondly it also needs a nation balanced by two opposing forces. In other words it tries to create polarization in order to be able to act as an intermediary between these social forces. Thirdly it tries to disconnect Afghanistan from its historical past . A nation without a historical identity is easy to insult and control.

In order to achieve these objectives The US policy is the following:

1. A Centralized State in Afghanistan

Centralization of state by subordination of tribal structure to the state. There are several methods used: Subordination of tribal structure to police, military or buying the tribal leaders or create a commanding relations with tribal leaders through terror and physical elimination of tribal leaders. A good example was a few months ago when 30-40 tribal leaders in North West Pakistan Tribal Area were murdered by Al-Qaida in Pakistan at one time. Al-Qaida is a US operation run by Azeri Turks in Iran on behalf of US.

Also intellectuals, Engineers, professionals, University teachers, journalist and other related categories are on the list to be eliminated. These jobs can be performed by others such Azeri turks or outsourced to some obedient groups. In Iraq 5000 highly educated people were just shot dead at their homes. This process has already started in Afghanistan and according to reports secret foreign intelligence groups together with local police are carrying out these murders. This is one of the reasons that they are trying to force afghans to abandon the Dari language in favor of Azeri Turk "Farsi" so barriers for Azeri turk entry into afghanistan is removed.

2. A New Nation-State: Tajik-Pashtoon State

The US tries to create a new nation state in Afghanistan. A nation state which is primarily composed of two "ethnicities". Afghanistan is going to be a "Tajik-Pashtoon" state. This will also prepare Afghanistan for later partitioning. They also have started talking about a "Persian-Pashtoon" state. This will prepare Afghanistan for an eventual incoporation into Iran. It is necessary to point out that there are no "Persians" in Afghanistan and Tajik ethnicity is a fake ethnicity too as it mixes "Dari speaking Turks with Dari speaking Bactrians" and call them "Tajiks". Persian is an ethnicity in Iran and just speaking Farsi does not necessarily make one Persian.

3. The Policy of Turkification of Afghanistan:

State Racial policy is a major task to be carried out in Afghanistan. The policy of Turkification of Afghanistan aims to create a "semi-Azeri Turk ethnicity" in Afghanistan and call it the Afghan Race. The "Afghan Race" will be connected to Iran, Iraq, Armenia and The Republic of Azerbaijan by a series of "Pseudo-Scientific" and Fraud Theories and will be called the "Iranian Race" which is supposed to span all these countries.

Therefore US targets Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Armenia for Turkification. This policy is in progress in both Iraq and Armenia. As soon as US has a control over Afghanistan, large numbers of Azeri Turks from Iran will be moved into Afghanistan under different pretextes. Afghans will be told that you are not really Afghans and you are not related to ancient afghans. You are just a bunch of worthless Azeri turks. You can already now hear this from Pakistani posters who call Afghans all kind of names. Same stories have been told to Iraqis and Armenians now.

Clash of Civilizations in Afghanistan

US foreign policy is based on the "Clash of Civilization" a theory by Mr. Huntington a leading member of US government. What is the "Clash of Civilization"?. It means that US divides people into two categories: The "Civilized" people and the "Uncivilized" people. The "Civilized" people are Americans and Europeans. The "Uncivilized" people are the Moslems. An innovation is this theory is that "Moslems" are regarded as some kind of ethnicity. That is "Moslem" is the name of an ethnicity!!!! This make it easier to deal with very diverse people in a simple way for the American and European public. So how does "Moslems ethnicity" look like? It looks like President Ahmadinejad. The Policy of Turkification of Afghanistan tries to achieve this objective. In other words Afghans should look like Iranian Azeri Turks. They also should convert to Shia religion, a task which did not succeed in 15 to 17 century by the Saffavids in Afghanistan although the remnants of Qizilbash Turks still live in Afghanistan from this period.

What is the US foreign policy in Afghanistan in the context of "Clash of Civilizations"? In Soviet times, US foreign policy was based on ideology. US supported the "Good Guys" in every country and opposed the "Bad Guys" whatever was US definition of those terms.

In Post-Soviet times, this is not the case anymore. In the context of "Clash of Civilizations" the US does not care about "good guys" or "Bad Guys". US says I need to draw my oil pipelines going through this terrirtory. I need this "land area" to control my economic rivals. I do not need Afghan People. I just kill them and replace them with Iranian Turks or if needed with some Zolo tribe in Africa.

This US policy is based on ethnicity and not ideology. It is similar to18 century Europe or even Chingis Khan from 12 century than 19 century Russian Revolution era. This is a lesson that even a US dog such as Pakistan has learned.

In this context Afghans are just Moslem trash. US does not differentiate between Northern Alliance or Talibs or whatever. All are trash moslems!!!!. Afghanistan is supposed to be "Uncivilized Moslem Nation" and it should be demarcated in an obvious way so it is not mistaken to be a "European Civilized State" and mixed up with civilized people.

US Choice: Hekmatyar the Heroin Dealer

Who is going to implement these policies? Mr. Hekmatyar is a US favourite to succeed President Karzai. According to records released by US congress Mr. Hekmatyar was the main force that was supported by the CIA and Pakistan ISI under 80's-90's. He was also responsible for the export of Heroin from Afghanistan to Europe and US.

After the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan in 96 Hekmatyar went to Iran and received protection from Azeri Turks in Iran. Hekmatyar is involved both with Azeri Turks in Iran, Al-Qaida and The Republic of Azerbaijan criminal-mafia activities and in the war between Azerbaijan-Armenia. See the appendix below for details.

All kind of stories are made about Mr. Hekmatyar to make him look independent. Hekmatyar is connected to "KGB and Russians" is a fake story on this forum. Also Mr. Hekmatyar is on the "Black List" of CIA. And CIA is on the "Red List" of MR. Hekmatyar. Pan Turks in Iran will provide appropriate cover for Mr. Hekmatyar and turn him into "Anti-Imperialist" and "Anti-Colonialist".

What is Mr. Hekmatyar job? Condi Rice, US secretary of State, defined Mr. Hekmatyar job some weeks ago. She stated "Bombings in Iraq will help with the creation of a new nation state in Iraq". As a President of Afghanistan, MR. Hekmatyar will start bombing Afghans until they accept they are "Tajiks" and "Pashtoons" who will take orders from Americans. This is based on a previous model from Iraq. In Iraq this model is called Suni-Shia model. In Iran this model is called "Iranian" vs. "Moslem" model. Azeri Turks are supposed to be "Iranians". The natives of Iran are supposed to be the "Moslems". Bombings will force those identities on ordinary people.

Mr. Hekmatyar is a second version of Mughtada Al Sadr which has been tested in Iraq and is going to be used for Afghanistan now. Mr. Hekmatyar is also supposed to eliminate tribalism from Afghanistan by murdering most of the tribal leaders. Another task is to subordinate woman to the policy of Turkification by stoning, seeghah or temporary marriages, and open prostitution and sex-slavery and other methods. These methods have already been tested in Iran and it is going to be exported to Afghanistan. This way the policy of turkification is speeded up as US is in a hurry to get control of oil resources.

Hekmatyar will be dumped by the Americans when he has performed his tasks as Mughtada Al-Sadr was dumped. Mr. Hekmatyar assuming office as the President of Afghanistan was delayed because the assasination attempt on Karzai failed. But as Pakistani generals have stated :"Karzai is the root of instability in Afghanistan and he should go."

Indian Embassy Bombing in Kabul

The main confrontation in Afghanistan is between India, China, Russia on one side and US and Iran on other side. India is on the front line because if Afghanistan falls into Iranian control then India will be reduced to an Iranian colony as they are dependent on oil from Central Asia. So India national interest is to keep Afghanistan an independent country.

Pakistan has been dumped by US as an ally and Pakistan is re-alligning itself with India. We are entirely in a new situation and repeating old stories from 20 years ago about Shoray Nazar (Northern Alliance) or Masoud or Taliban does not make any sense.

The alliance of Afghanistan and India concerns both Americans and the Iranians, so Indian Embassy bombings was targeted at this alliance.

In summary Afghanistan is going toward slavery planned by US for its oil interest. Our view is this: Afghans should make a stand today. Tomorrow is too late.

Friday, May 23, 2008

Azeri Pan Turkism and Russia and Turkey

Also Iran as an Azeri Turk country poses a great security risk to Russia as pan Turkism can be promoted in the whole central asia. This would change the balance of forces in the region to the favor of US as opposed to today's situation where Russia is a dominant power in the region. And this is the reason Azeri Turks are promoted by the US, both under Clinton and Bush Administrations.

Pan Turkism in Iran is not an ally of the Pan Turks in Turkey as they have different agenda and objectives. Pan Turkism in Iran does not use turkish language as its medium for their policies as this is not feasable because of the political conditions in Iran at present time. But that may change in near future. It tries to impose its Azeri Turk culutre on the other people under the banner of "Pan-Iranism". It is necessary to point out that Azeri Turks in Iran do not have any "Iranian" or "Persian "culture" as it is evident for the last 27 years of their rule in Iran.

Also Pan Turkism in Iran has a religious character as opposed to the anotolian secular version of Pan Turkism. That is why Pan Turkism in Iran poses even a security risk to Turkey as the Azeris might even try to impose their own version of Pan Turkism on Turkey. That is why Turkey is re-considering its alliances and distancing itself from US and may even form an alliance with Russia to oppose Azeri Pan Turks in Iran. This is actually what happened at the end of Saffavids dynasty in 1722 when both Russia and Ottomans together invaded Iran.

Thursday, May 22, 2008

Afghan Police Chief: General Mohamad Jorat interview

Afghan Police Chief: General Mohamad Jorat interview

منير منگل معين وزارت داخله كه امروز به كميسيون امنيت ملي ولسي جرگه فراخوانده شده بود، گفت : تعدادي از افسران پوليس در سرقت هاي مسلحانه دست


دارند.

Nach oben 22.10.2008 خبرگزاری صدای افغان
دگر جنرال محمد جرأت رئيس پليس سابق افغانستان كه در يك گفتگوي اختصاصي با خبرگزاري صداي افغان سخن مي گفت با تاكيد بر اين كه

پس از حضور نيروهاي خارجي در افغانستان فقط در سه سال اول يك امنيت نسبي در كشور برقرار بوده و پس از آن اوضاع روز به روز بدتر شده است، اظهار داشت: ما در گذشته از نظر امنيتي معضلات امروزي را نداشتيم و در تمام ولايات امنيت برقرار بود و پليس نيز بر اوضاع تسلط كامل داشت و با آنچه كه امروز در كشور در جريان است مشكل به نظر مي رسد كه شرايط گذشته دوباره باز گردد.

وي كنار گذاشتن مجاهدين را يكي از عوامل بروز نامني و از اشتباهات بزرگ ذكر كرد و خاطر نشان نمود: كساني كه ديروز در برابر اجانب و نيروهاي متجاوز از كشور و مردم خود دفاع كردند همين مجاهدين بودند كه در حال حاضر كنار گذاشته شده اند و از آنها در نظام كمتر استفاده مي شود كه در اين حالت آوردن يك نظام با ثبات در افغانستان بسيار دشوار است و اوضاع نيز هر روز بدتر مي شود.

جنرال جرأت با نگاهي به گذشته عنوان كرد: در آن زمان نيروهاي پليس مثلا در حوزه جنوب غرب فقط با داشتن يك كندك و بدون داشتن امكانات و تنها با اتكا به همكاري هاي مجاهدين و مردم امنيت اين مناطق را به نحو احسن برقرار مي كردند .

او ادامه داد: اما متاسفانه امروز با زياد شدن امكانات و تجهيز نيروها نيز امنيت برقرار نمي شود و اكثر نقاط كشور بي ثبات و ناامن شده است و اين مسئله تنها بر اثر بي توجهي و اعمال سليقه‌هاي خاص بوجود آمده و تاوان آن را نيز بايد مردم بپردازند.

وي تصريح كرد: اكنون برقراري امنيت براي نيروهاي خارجي و داخلي بسيار سخت شده است و با كاركردهاي نامناسب شرايط به گونه اي تغيير كرده كه زمينه‌هاي پيوستن نيروهاي خودي به دامن طالبان نير فراهم شده است.

رئيس سابق پليس افغانستان همچنين در خصوص مذاكره با طالبان و سهم دهي آنها در اركان دولتي با ديدي خوشبينانه مي نگرد و از مذاكره با آنها استقبال مي كند و مي گويد: به نظر من وجود يك گروه يا قشر خاص بيرون از نظام به ضرر مردم و جامعه افغانستان است و گرويدن آنها به دولت مي تواند تنش‌هاي موجود را برطرف كرده و در برقراري امنيت كمك شايان نمايد.

او تاكيد مي نمايد كه سنجيدن تمام مسائل و ارائه آنها در مذاكره با طالبان و گرفتن تعهدات كافي براي همه جوانب مي تواند در ادامه كارهاي آنها بسيار مثمرثمر باشد.

جنرال جرأت وجود نيروهاي خارجي را يكي از دلايل بروز نا امني‌ها در افغانستان و بهانه‌اي براي ادامه فعاليت گروه هاي مخالف دولت مي داند و تصريح مي كند: طالبان و قوت‌هايي كه در برابر نيروهاي خارجي وجود دارند به واسطه يك شعار، بر خواسته وبه نظر خود پافشاري مي كنند و آن اين است كه ما در برابر نيروهاي خارجي ايستاده ايم و از دين و مردم خود دفاع مي كنيم كه اگر بهانه حضورنیروهای خارجی در مذاكره با طالبان گرفته شود و يا نيروهاي خارجي افغانستان را ترك كنند ديگر بهانه اي جهت ادامه جنگ براي آنها باقي نخواهد ماند.

وي همچنين اظهار داشت: هيج چيز قابل توجهي با حضور نيروهاي خارجي در افغانستان صورت نگرفته و مخالفان نير همچنان به كار خود ادامه مي دهند و مشكلات مردم نيز بيشتر شده است.

با اين حال جنرال جرأت رئيس پليس سابق افغانستان در خصوص كاركرد دولت در گذشته و حال بر اين عقيده است كه توانمندي دولت همين بوده كه انجام داده است و از هيچ کوششي براي ايجاد يك كشور با ثبات و امن دريغ نكرده است .

او همچنين اظهار مي دارد كه اكنون بايد شعار ما اسلامي باشد و به منافع ملي كشور و مردم خود توجه داشته باشيم، از فرقه گرايي و مسائلي نظير آن بپرهيزيم و به منافع ملي مردم و كشور خود توجه نمائيم و در همه حال گذشته خود را نيز در نظر بگيريم و نقاط عزت و سربلندي و نقاط منفي آن را بيابيم و از آنها در پيش برد اهدافمان استفاده كنيم .

Sunday, February 26, 2006

Afghanistan and Globalization

Some people look at Afghanistan as an isolated country. But that is not the case. There are two major forces in Afghanistan. Iran and Pakistan. Russia and India are too far to be able to influence the situation. Both Iran and Pakistan is trying to pull Afghanistan to themselves. The same situation exist between Iran and Turkey in Central Asia. What has happened in Central Asia is Turkey and Iran has started cooperating with each other and dividing up central asia into spheres and influence. The same thing is happening in Afghanistan. Pakistan and Iran has started cooperating with each other and dividing up Afghanistan. That is why Pakistanis who were attacking Iranian Azeris until yesterday have moved to defend the same Iranian Azeris today.

One Scenario is to dream up a Pakistani Empire and the other is planning an Azeri-Turk Iranian Empire. Both these options are not very good for Afghanistan. There can be no integration of AFghan economy into Iranian economy as long as Azeri Turks are running Iran which have totally alien culture to Afghans. So the project of a central Asian European Union type sturcture is not possible.

In central Asia , Persian-Afghan Culture have influenced those countries in the past. But that Iran under the leadershop of Azeri Turks is not the cultural inheritor of ancient Persia. Currently now Iran is more similar to Mexico than ancient Persia. It has the character of a Maffia state.

But Afghanistan and its people are actually closer to ancient Persian Empire than Iran is. What is needed is the creation of an Afghani Empire based on Afghans including Persians living in Iran. This combined force can remove Azeri Turks from power in Iran and replace Afghans and Persians instead. Beginning of 1980's some people in Iran had these plans and that is why they nominated an Afghan as the first President of Iran post "Islamic Revolution" in Iran. One of these people were Ayattollah Khomeniny himself.

That is the only way out for Afghanistan. How an Afghan with 5 cents in his pocket is going to stand up to an Azeri Iranian with millions of dollars and a latest model car coming to Kabul to take an Afghani girl to Tehran? This is not a joke. They have already made a music video about it. Empty talk about United Nation and World Peace is not going to help. This is the lesson that Russians have learned. Otherwise Afghanistan will either become Pakistanized by Pakistanis or Turkified by Azeri Iranians. Events will eventually take over and wake you up from sleep.

Several points about Afghanistan:

1. Afghanistan is only 300 years old country. There is no such country in ancient history.
2. Afghanistan is actually ancient Persia which has kept its independence. Persia or Iran has fallen to Turkish hands.
3. Zoroastura was actually from Afghanistan and Persians still have Zoarastrian culture in addition to Islam which they share with Afghans.
4. The most important resource is not money or oil but people and their culture. In those terms Afghanistan is a very rich country.
5. Afghans and Persians have led one of biggest Empires in history for 100's of years. The current situation allows a re-creation of that Empire.

Dokhtar Kabuli Video by Azeri Turk Iranian Shahab Tiam
http://www.bia2.com/video/player.php?id=52



Afghanistan and Persians in Iran

Afghanistan and Persians in Iran

What Afghanistan can do to promote Persians is very simple. Afghanistan should insist on regional trade with Persian speaking Khorasan province next to Herat and avoid direct Kabol-Tehran trade relations. Khorasan will become a powerfull ally of Afghanistan in Iran. Industries dealing with Afghanistan in Iran such as car industry should be moved to Khorasan instead.

Pakistan being very concerned about the emergence of Khorasan as a counter force to Pakistan on the borders of Afghanistan has dispatched the Pakistani Prime Minister and the Pakistani Foreign minister to Khorasan to meet with high level officials in Khorasan. This is the significance of Khorasan for the future of Afghanistan.

Afghan policy should be similar to other countries in the region. For example the Republic of Azerbaijan in north west Iran is promoting the interest of Azeris in Iran. It constantly talks about "Persian chauvanism" and "lack of rights for Azeris" when Azeris themselves are actually running Iran. Turkey has the same policy in Central Asia. Afghanistan should also start talking about Persians in Iran and start promoting Persians as a minority group living under Azeri Turkish rule.

Afghan President Warns Against Meddling


Afghan President Warns Against Meddling

This is a speech by President Karzai
President Karzai as reported today on Feb 18 2006 is making some very important points. This speech clearly signals the start of New Afghan Foreign policy toward Iran and Pakistan. He clearly states that Afghanistan can influence Iranian politics with a great historical force bigger than what some Azeri Turks in Tehran can imagine. This great historical force will wipe out The Azeri-Turks and their "Islamic Republic" in Iran. The minute that Afghanistan starts talking about Persians under Azeri Turks rule, the whole political structure in Iran will collapse.

The reason for the existence of this strange political condition in Iran is due to how the political systems is based on a fundamental lie. Azeri Turks in Iran claim that they are Persians and only speak Azeri Turkish language. Azeris falsify history to prove their claim. They have even written books to prove it. But what destroys their theories is that they do not look like Persians and there is no way they can explain it in their theories. No political force in Iran have questioned these Azeri claims. Afghanistan can easily wipe out the Azeri Turks political structure in Iran. The reason is simple. Afghanistan truly represents the Ancient Persia and is the inheritor of Persian civilization.

Azeri Turks in Iran controlling Tehran, Isfahan and Azerbaijan are culturally related to Caucasus and have no connection to Persian history and Persian Central Asian culture.

Afghanistan can explode a neutron bomb in Iran by just changing the name of the country from Afghanistan to Persia. Understanding that such a move might pose a great national security risk for Azeri-Turk regime in Tehran, some Azeri-turks in Tehran have suggested that Iran should change back its name to Persia.

The effects of such moves by Afghanistan on Iranians could be compared with if Iranians were in a deep historical sleep and they suddenly wake in 21 century since 15 century when they went to sleep. This is the power of history.

By KATHY GANNON, Associated Press WriterSat Feb 18, 1:23 PM ET

President Hamid Karzai has a pointed warning for neighboring nations: Stop meddling in Afghan affairs, or risk seeing chaos spread from a destabilized Afghanistan across the region.

Speaking sharply during an interview with The Associated Press, Karzai said Afghans have had enough of conflict and foreign interference — the war against occupying Soviet troops in the 1980s, a civil war in the '90s, the insurgency following the U.S.-led campaign that toppled the Taliban and chased out al-Qaida training camps after the Sept. 11 terror attacks.


He promised that further interference in his homeland will not go unchallenged and warned that Iran, Pakistan and others are not fooling anyone.

"We know (interference) is going on. We know that money is being brought into Afghanistan. It will not have the impact that they want it to have — not for Afghanistan and not for themselves — so they had better stop," Karzai said.


"If they don't stop, the consequences will be exactly what I said earlier. The consequences will be that this region will suffer with us, equally, as we suffer. In the past we suffered alone. This time everybody will suffer with us."

Karzai said he felt a sense of contentment with the progress his country has made since the collapse of the Taliban regime at the end of 2001. But he spoke with concern about outside attempts to manipulate Afghanistan's ethnic and religious groups and the dangers of encouraging discord in tumultuous south-central Asia.


"Any effort to divide Afghanistan ethnically or weaken it will create exactly the same things in the neighboring countries. All the countries in this neighborhood have the same ethnic groups that we have, so they should know that it is a different ball game this time," he said.

"We are bloody determined. It is not going to be Pakistan playing the Pashtun, non-Pashtun game in Afghanistan. It is not going to be Iran playing this or that game or any other country. We can play the same game with a lot more historical power, with a lot more power in our history than others can. They should know that very well."


Reflecting on Afghanistan's recent violence, and the manipulations of its neighbors, the president said his people are stronger now and know better how to face up to foreign interference.

"It won't work this time. Afghanistan has an ownership. I told you we will not be refugees again. We own this country. Afghanistan has a voice now," Karzai said.

"The past is gone. We were unaware: The Soviets came, invaded us and we went out of Afghanistan to defend our country. We defended our country and that was right, but we made a mistake by leaving our country. It was one of the biggest mistakes we made, leaving the country."

Talking without aides at his side, sitting alone at a long, heavy table in a cavernous room at the presidential palace, Karzai was passionate about Afghanistan's future and his determination to protect his country.

"The United States, Pakistan, Iran and everybody should know that this time Afghans will not become refugees. I would be one of those Afghans who would not become a refugee again," he said.

"It has to be very, very clear. That is why I am talking so clear. This is my conscience speaking, the conscience of an Afghan person.

Farsi and Dari languages

Farsi and Dari Languages

Dari is more conservative in maintaining vowel distinctions that have been lost in Farsi.

Luri and Bakhtiari, languages in the southwest part of Iran, are closer to Dari than to Farsi spoken in Tehran.

Bakhtiaris originate from Parthians.

Zoarastrians in Iran such as Yazd speak with a Dari dialect.

Dari has more Parthians words than Farsi.

Standard Farsi from Tehran is has been influenced by Azeri Turks who do not understand the Persian culture. So many cultural nuances in Farsi has been lost. On the contrary Dari has kept cultural nuances in its Dari language form.


Dari is the language of Khorasan. Farsi is the language developed by Azeri Turk Qajar dynasty in 19 century in Tehran.

Tajik in Tajikstan speak also Dari with some minor differences.

Ferdowsi wrote Shahnameh in Dari language.

Who are the Tajiks

Posted by Nick:
Tajik is the word referred to natives of Turkistan, Samarkand/Bokhara. In reality they are Turkic people, even today if you travel to Uzbekistan or Tajikistan, you will witness the Turkic looks speaking Turkic version of Farsi, in old days known as Bokhari which was always the courtly language Amirulabokhara (Turkistan). However we are not sure about their ancestors, according to Iranica Tajiks are the remains of Persian people. Ie During the Archemanid empire. According to Genetics and modern Science they are Mongolide/Turkic people, not different from Hazaras. The fact many regions of Tajikistan such as Qaria Afghan, and Badakhshan is a prove that Afghans also existed in the south of Turkistan, also Afghan qwami empires such as Saka/Abdaliates/Kushans/Pakhtrians etc show Afghan mixture. That's why some Tajiks look like Afghans. But that's one out of 30.

Gula Jan Wrehkmin has given you a hint. Tajiks who for years have been mixed ie Arabs of Bokhara which was their first city of light in the East, and Persians who found the gold mines that was discovered by Afghan sakas, but originally it can be considered the land of Altaics. Tajiks makeup less then 5% of Afghanistan mainly in the north who were immigrants recorded to have come into Afghanistan first time during Russian invasion of Turkistan, and the second one is during 1990s when Turkic were fighting among promoted by Russians, after Russian who lost everything after war with Afghans tried at best to not leave their colonials at peace, some 1 or 2 million Tajiks today lives in Afghanistan. However law passing in 2001 they have been given Afghan passport, although they shouldn't of get any since their nation Tajikistan didn't help Afghan refugees when they were at need so why would Turkics get Passports? Anyways that's a different political issue.

However if you are to Afghan Farsiwans like us, and yes we were always Afghan. From record of sanskrit to Awesta, and from latest Chinese source, to persian, and Arabs ie Al-Biruni born in Turkistan, all the sources from many sources makes it clear that nation of Afghans ranges from mother of cities "Balkh" to Takhti Sulyman "Sulyman mountains" today's balochistan also known as "Markan", and from Aravai "Herat" to Kabul. The word "Tajik" has never been used by us or any of us until Russians who after coming in connects with Turkics. Assumed any-one speaking a language similar to their Turkstan was classified as one people including people of Iran. Which was a misunderstanding. Russians being a socialism regime classified people not by their culture, looks or religions but only language. Once for those who doesn't know know much about Russian society will know what i am talking about. However the word "Tajik" was then reaching Europe ie France, and by 60s soon in English books and by 70s into America. However often got into usage during 1990s. Now it has become as an single ethnic group. Which is wrong, but hey Afghans made any reactions to stop usage after all where is the government to speak for it? Do Afghans have voice? no? I have the source in both Russian and English. Its very clear that it does not apply to Heratis, us Samaliwals, or Mazaris. So people should educated themselves in learning the word.

However it was assume by people that Tajiks may have come from the word "Crown" Taj which is an Awestian word lol Right its silly claim, the word "Taj" has used by every poet, Taj-e-Mahmud, Taj-e-Arsalan Taj-e etc etc etc etc and i have come across dozen times, even my cousin wears one LOL.

Just to let you let you know I have never seen a Tajik with blue eyes with both parents being Turkic, its always one side Russian or something, came across few here and there, then its normal since south of Tajikistan is an Afghan land ie known part of Badakhshan, therefore hindukush may have influence.

Tajik is Russian supported word that has been applied to any race speaking a same language. Including Iran as being labeled as "Tajik" but that was not the case, yet Russian society themselves look at from more socialistic point of view. This was never supported outside Soviet union, the bases of communism and their teaching followed this idea which again Afghanistan fall into the trap.

The word "Tajik" should only apply to Turkic people of Farsi speakers, although many assumed Tajiks are remains of Persian/Aryan origin but that's not supportive and in fact no such Civilization of Samarkand and Bukhara supported such people until coming of Afghan Sakas, Persian Archeamanids, Such assumptions were made without look at the local population, and consider the large number of Arabs and their outcome and then the Mongolian destruction which is well documented that 80% of Central Asia was disappearded right six feet under ground. Therefore it can reasonably said that only 15% of central Asians maybe native and the rest i guess considered "outsiders".

Mir-Wais: The Protector of Persian Empire

The Persian Cromwell: being an account of the life and surprizing atchievements and successes of Miri-Waiz, great Duke of Kandahar, and protector of the Persian Empire. Written by a Swedish officer in 1724 who, for many years, was domestic slave to Mir-Waiz. To which is prefix’d, his effigy curiously engraved from an original painting.

Afghans ruled Iran for the most of 17 century starting with the defeat of Azeri Turk Saffavids in 1722 in Isfahan.

Mir-Wais from Pashtoon Ghizali tribe considered himself as the inheritor of Persian Empire when Azeri turks rule were defeated in Iran by Afghans and shifted back the power balance to Persian forces such as the "Zand Lor dynasty" in Fars province.

Published/distributed: London : Printed for W. Mears ... and J. Roberts ..., 1724.
Physical description: 4 p. l., 196 p. front. (port.) 14 cm.
Notes: Signatures: A⁴, B-I¹�, K².
Title within double line border....: Bound in calf; frontispiece mounted.
Subject(s): Muhammad Mīr Wais.
Iran --History.
Record ID: 2740023
Collection: UCLA Libraries and Collections

Location: Clark Library (closed until Oct. 2)
Call Number: DS293.3 .P46 *

ARYANA IS PRESENT DAY IRAN AND AFGHANISTAN

Wednesday, 26 May 2004
Iranians and Afghans are the ancient Aryans.
ARYANA IS PRESENT DAY IRAN AND AFGHANISTAN

By Dr. Ariazad

The lands of Iran and Afghanistan are as complex as are its people. About 200 years ago, Afghanistan became an independent nation under Ahmad Shah Durani. Iran and Afghanistan are nations that have analgous historical relationship to each other. It is amazing that some writer still debate Afghan-Iranian identity and their histories. I have spent most of my life researching the Afghan-Iranian relationship, and as a result, I stand firm in saying that their common roots were the Aryans. Furthermore, to help assess the unaware reader understand better the relationship of the Iranian-Afghan people, I have provided the fallowing analogy of similar nations and societies divided through the course of time. These nations are encapsulated in a similar circumstance relevant to the Iranians and Afghans; they are England and Scotland, Germany and Austria, North Korea and South Korea, Bella Russia and Russia, Pakistan and Bangladesh and India, Sicily and Sardinia and Italy, Montenegro and Kosova and Albania. The people from these nations share a common history and culture but hold affinity to their divided territorial states because of politics, religion, wealth, and because of powerful external forces weakening their societies by dividing and conquering them.


Updated: Wednesday, 26 May 2004 5:49 AM EDT
Monday, 12 April 2004
Afghani-Persians (Tajiks) embrace their culture and history.
By: Ariazad

Dear fellow Persians,

Today we are facing annihilation as a people. More than ever before, we are constantly being challenged and pressed with overwhelming political, social, cultural and economic problems. Our ancient land is in an abyss, ruined and occupied. Our independence is in danger. Our identity is under assault, and our culture and history is being destroyed in front of our eyes.

The way out of this appalling condition is not so easy. Our problems are a burden that we need to pull together collectively. We will surely overcome the adversity at this present time. With firm commitment, resilience and confidence we will succeed against the challenges that face us today. However, we need to shake ourselves and wake up from a slumber. We need to prepare to meet our problems face to face. We should stop pretending as if nothing is happening. It is a matter of our survival as a people. It is a national obligation of every Persian and Afghan-Persian (Tajik) to take as an active part to awaken our dormant people and show them the enormous dangers that threaten their very existence.

This is a limited web-blog on my part to provide accurate information about Afghan-Persian history, culture, and heritage. The purpose of this web-blog is to achieve a source of inspiration among young Afghan-Persians and instill in them a sense of pride, and nationalism emphasizing the necessity for reestablishing the presently scattered Farsi/Persian societies. The core intention of my web-blog is to become a focal point for all active Persian nationalists who believe in reestablishing our lost state in the ancient land of Aryana. This territory was known as KHORASAN, meaning in middle-Persian as the land of the rising sun.

Regards,

Ariazad
A Afghani-Persian (Tajik) from Herat, Khorasan

Pan Iranism and Afghans: Posted by Nick

Posted by "Pan-Iranist"

Hello everyone,

Here is a list of the modern iranian peoples:

Modern Iranian peoples
Peoples Countries/regions found in
Baloch Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan
Gilanis Iran
Jasz Hungary
Kumzari Oman
Kurds Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria
Laks Iran
Mazanderanis Iran
Ossetians Russia, South Ossetia (Georgia)
Pamiri people Tajikistan
Parsis & Iranis India
Pashtuns Afghanistan, Pakistan, India
Persians
Aimaqs
Bakhtiaris
Farsiwans
Hazaras
Tajiks
Tats
Iran,
Afghanistan, Tajikistan
Tajiks of China China
Lurs Iran
Talysh Azerbaijan
Wakhi Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, China
Zazas Turkey

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_peoples

my point in posting this list is to point to the fact that virtually all afghans except the Uzbeks are of iranic stock

the turks have central asia and the arabs have north africa and the mideast but we ( Iran, Tajikistan and Afghanistan) only have each other

the motivation behind this information is not a wish to "control" afghanistan/ tajikistan, i just want to revel in my kinship to people beyond iran's current borders

Posted by Nick (afghan):

What you need to know is that Afghans and Iranians (Persians) are of two different origin might share ancestors some 15%-30% of the Persians who some 3000 years ago shared common roots and even so the true ancestors of Most Persians claim ie Medes were only a ruling class not a majority when they reached Iran. But the rest of IRanians are of different race mostly Elamic who are closely linked with Babylon or Assyrians. Where As Afghans (Saka tribes of Sakastan reference Bishtun) helped Medes beat Assyrians in taking control of Susa and Pars "the beauty of all cities" Which has always been the capital of Iranian civilization.

Over all Afghans have always had their own kingdoms, empires and system of ruling infact even different religion at times although Zorastrian came into Iran during 650 BCE but it was very much practiced by Afghans, in fact an Afghan religion.

Ariana was well known nation of Afghanistan, its border does not surpass Tus or Khybar and from Oxus to Markan was all known as Aryana.
I tried my best to link the areas into three old provinces.

-Zawalistan (also known as Seistan/Sistan/Sakastan/Zabolistan) with its famous Zoroastrian---> areas as Bost, (LAshkargah), Archorisia (Kandahar), Zabul, Gerdiz, Jibal (Ghur/Urzagan), Ghazni, Quetta, Zarhanj (Nimroz) and Helmand.

-Pakhtria (Bactria) -->modern Kondoz, Mazar-i sharif, Takharistan, Badakhshan, Baghlan, Samangan, Sar-e-pol. Note Pakhtrian empire included all of Kabulistan)

-Kabulistan-> areas such as Nuristan, Kabul, Parwan, Parachinar, Maydan Shahr, Paktika, Tank, Zhob, Bamian, Chitral, Peshawar,

-Aria, -->Herat, Badghis, and Farah.

(copied/pasted)

No my friend language does not represent blood roots, as we know languages changes all the time like depending on the time and region for example Iran from historical point of view had over 10 famous languages.

language was born with heavy influence of Greek loan words sometimes referred as Parthian Language. Later a during Sassanian a new language came about known as " From 3000 BCE-2000 BCE their language known as Akkadian (Kingdom that ruled most of Iran also known as Elamid with their capital at Susa modern Pars) and from 1950 BCE up to 1000 BCE their language was known as Old Assyrian. From 1000 BCE to 700 BCE their language was Assyrian or Neo-Assyrian. From 650 BCE a new language was born known as Median language of (Medes 750 BCE-650 BCE) were of Aryan origin, by the late Cyrus (king of Anshan) a new language was born known as Old Palavi (550 BCE). By 200 BCE AshkaniNEW Palavi" by the time of Shapur I it enjoyed a great period of fame, by the Afghan Kushanis whom Wahram III or Vahram III (He was known as Ardeshir Niku later Persian named him Ardeshir Kar (donkey) I assume because he was non-Persian) launched his attacks and took over this was the period known as Kushano-Sassanians soon he died his son known as Yazdegerd the Unjest (In fact according to many source he was Just since he allowed many religions like Hinduism and Buddhism again he was not liked because of his origin) from which his son the famous Bahram Ghur and thanks to Kushanis during this period a new version was born known as New Sassanian ;) the mixture of Afghan influence continue to hunt down crown until coming of Islam. From 680 AD up to 1000 AD Arabic was used (However further in the north-West of Iran Arabic was used until late 1300 and 1400 AD. And Now its widely just Savifadi Farsi or known as Persi, in the west known as Persian.

As you can see Language changed over many times does that represent any Race?

In the same fashion Afghans have always went through these steps, Verdic (Book of Famous Rigvada) 3000-2000 BCE, old Awestian 2000-1200 BCE, and from 1200 BCE to 700 BCE Old Pakhtrian was used (Sometimes referred to as Awestian) can be identified as middle Awestian. From 650 BCE-350 BCE Prakṛta was spoken all over Afghan land also known as Prakrit which was the language of Afghanistan and language of our famous writer Paṇini's who created the Aṣṭh-adhyayi (Eight-Chapters) of Verdic Grammar otherwise today Rigvada would of been impossible to to read and understand. New Pakhtrian (also know as new Bactrian) which was the Language of Afghanistan from 300 BCE-150 BCE used loan word from Greeks and the system of writing was also used, by the 150 BCE another language was born from the Kushani which was an old version of Pakhtrian came about also sometimes known as Tokharian used by many Afghan empires such as Kadarites and Abdals (Abdalites) remained until upcomings of Islam. Arabic from 690 AD until 900 AD and from 900 AD Dari and by 14 century old language of Pakhtrian from lost mountains of hindukush came Pakhtu, heavily supported and today has over 20-30 million speakers. And Now we have Pashtu and Dari, (1940 AD-2007 AD)

Pakistan Intelligence Services


How do you stop a Pakistani tank ?
>Shoot the men who are pushing it.

How do you disable Pakistani missiles ?
>Cut the rubber band.

Have you ever seen Pakistani war heroes ?
>Neither has Pakistan.

Did you hear about the other latest Pakistani invention ?
>The new automatic parachutes. They open on impact.

How do you sink a Pakistani battleship?
>Put it in water.

Did you hear about the 747 jet which Crashed into a cemetery in Karachi ?
>The Pakistani officials have so far recovered 3000 bodies.

Did you hear about the Pakistani admiral who had asked to be buried at sea?
>Five Pakistani sailors died digging his grave.

Did you hear about the shutdown of the Karachi National Library ?
>Somebody stole the book.

You're locked in a room with Saddam Hussein, Adolf Hitler, and a Pakistani. You have a gun with ONLY two bullets.What do you do?
>Shoot the Pakistani twice to make sure he's dead.

What's brown and black and looks great on a Pakistani?
>A Doberman.

How can you tell when a Pakistani is lying?
>His lips are moving.

What do you have when a Pakistani is buried up to his neck in sand?
>Not enough sand.

Did you Hear about the terrorist that hijacked a 747 full of Pakistanis?
>He threatened to release one every hour if his demands weren't met.

Afghanistan's history

Afghanistan's history :internal political development, foreign relations, and very existence as an independent state have largely been determined by its geographic location at the crossroads of Central, West, and South Asia. Over the centuries, waves of migrating peoples passed through the region described by historian Arnold Toynbee as a "roundabout of the ancient world"--leaving behind a mosaic of ethnic and linguistic groups. The outline of the Afghanistan History In modern times, as well as in antiquity, will focus on vast armies of the world passing through Afghanistan, temporarily establishing local control.

[u]50,000 BC - 20,000 BC Stone Age [/u]

o Archaeologists have identified evidence of stone age technology in Aq Kupruk (balkh), and Hazar Sum.
o Plant remains at the foothill of the Hindu Kush mountains indicate, that North Afghanistan was one of the earliest places to domestic plants and animals.

[u] 3000 BC - 2000 BC Bronze Age [/u]

o It has been indicated the Bronze have been invented in ancient Afghanistan around this time.
o Urbanization and trade grows, making it an important point between Mesopotamian and other civilizations to emerge as the present day’s “Crossroads of Asia”.
o First true urban centers rise in two main sites in Afghanistan--Mundigak, and Deh Morasi Ghundai.
o Mundigak (near modern day Kandahar)--had an economic base of wheat, barley, sheep and goats. Also, evidence indicates that Mudigak could have been a provincial capital of the Indus valley civilization.
o Ancient Afghanistan--crossroads between Mesopotamia, and other Civilizations.

[u] 2000 BC - 1500 BC Aryan Tribes in Aryana Emperor Yama (Ancient Afghanistan) [/u]

o The City of Kabul is thought to have been established during this time.
o Rig Veda may have been created in Afghanistan around this time.
o Evidence of early nomadic iron age in Aq Kapruk IV.

[u] 728 BC - 550 BC Medes Empire[/u]

o Deioces, 728BC - 675BC
o Phraortes (Kashtariti), 675BC - 653BC
o Cyaxares, 625BC - 585BC
o Astyages, 585BC - 550BC

[u] 628 BC - Zoroaster[/u] introduces a new religion in its capital Bactria (Balkh) in N. Afghanistan.---(Zoroastrianism--Monotheistic religion)

[u] 6 BC- 330 BC Achaemenids Empire[/u]

o Teispes
o Cyrus I
o Cambyses I (Kambiz) 600 B.C
o Cyrus the Great, Start of Achaemenid Empire, 559BC - 530BC
o Kambiz II, 530BC - 522BC
o Darius I the Great, 522BC - 486BC
o Xerxes I(Khashyar), 486BC - 465BC
o Artaxerxes I , 465BC - 425BC
o Xerxes II, 425BC - 424BC (45 days)
o Darius II, 423BC - 404BC
o Artaxerxes II, 404BC - 359BC
o Artaxerxes III, 359BC - 339BC
o Arses, 338BC - 336BC
o Darius III, 336BC - 330BC
o Dariusthe Great expands the Achaemenid empire to its peak, when it takes most of Afghanistan., including Aria (Herat), Bactriana(Balk, and present-day Mazar-i-Shariff), Margiana (Merv), Gandhara (Kabul, Jalalabad and Peshawar), Sattagydia (Ghazni to the Indus river), Arachosia (Kandahar, and Quetta), and Drangiana (Sistan).
o The Persianempire was plagued by constant bitter and bloody tribal revolts from Afghans living in Arachosia (Kandahar, and Quetta)

[u] 329 BC - 326 BC Hellenistic period[/u]

o Alexander the Great conquering Persia, Afghanistan. 330BC - 323BC
o Alexander conquers Afghanistan, but fails to really subdue its people, but unrest and bloody revolts become the regime’s hallmarks.
o Philip III(Arrhidaeus), 323BC - 317BC
o Alexander IV,317BC - 312BC

[u] 323 BC - After Alexander's[/u] death the region at first was part of the Seleucid empire. In the north, Bactria became independent, and the south was acquired by the Maurya dynasty.

o Bactria expanded southward but fell (mid-2d cent. B.C.) to the Parthians and rebellious tribes (notably the Saka).
o Buddhismwas introduced from the east by the Yüechi, who founded the Kushan dynasty (early 2d cent. B.C.). Their capital was Peshawar.
o The city, once called Purushapura, was the capital of the ancient Greco-Buddhist center of Gandhara.
o The Kushans declined (3d cent. A.D.) and were supplanted by the Sassanids, the Ephthalites, and the Turkish Tu-Kuie.

[u] 312 BC - 260 BC Seleucids Empire[/u]

o Seleucus I, 312BC - 281BC
o Antiochus I Soter, 281BC - 261BC
o Seleucus, 280BC - 267BC

[u] 256 BC - 130 BC - Graeco-Bactrian[/u] state established in northern Afghanistan Arsacids Empire and Parthian Empire

o Arsaces, 238BC - 217BC (or 211BC?)
o Artabanus(Ardawan) or Arsaces II, 211BC - 191BC
o Priapatius I, 191BC - 176BC
o Phraates I, 176BC - 171BC

[u] Phil-Hellenistic period [/u]

o Mithradates I, 171BC - 138BC
o Phraates II, 138BC - 128BC
o Artabanus I, 128BC - 123BC
o Mithradates II(the Great), 123BC - 87BC
o Gotarzes, 90BC - 80BC
o Orodes I, 80BC - 77BC
o Sanatruces, 77BC - 70BC
o Phraates III, 70BC - 57BC
o Mithradtes III, 57BC - 55BC
o Orodes II, 57BC - 37BC
o Phraates IV, 37BC - 2BC
o Phraates V, 2BC - AD 4
o Orodes III, AD 4 - AD 7
o Vonones, AD 7 - AD 11

[u] Anti-Hellenistic Period [/u]

o Artabanus II, 12 - 38
o Gotarzes II, 38 - 51
o Vardanes I, 39 - 45
o Vonones II, 51
o Vologases I, 51 - 78
o Vardanes II, 55 - 58
o Vologases II, 77 - 80
o Artabanus III, 80 - 81
o Pacorus, 78 - 105

[u] 120 Kushan Empire, under King Kanishka[/u]

o Graeco-Buddhist Gandharan culture reach its height.
o Under the Kushan King, Kanishka, Buddha was first given a human face and the world's largest Buddhas (175 feet and 120 feet tall) were carved into the cliff at Bamiyan. But many gods and goddesses from Greek, Persian, Central Asian and Hindu cultures were also worshipped.

[u] 225 - 650 Sassanians [/u]

o Ardashir I, 224 - 241
o Shapur I, 241 - 272
o Hormizd I, 272 - 273
o Bahram I, 273 - 276
o Bahram II, 276 - 293
o Bahram III, 293
o Narses, 293 - 302
o Hormizd II, 302 - 309
o Shapur II, 309 - 379
o Ardashir II, 379 - 383
o Shapur III, 383 - 388
o Bahram IV, 388 - 399
o Yazdegerd I, 399 - 420
o Bahram V Gur, 420 - 438
o Yazdegerd II, 438 - 457
o Hormizd III, 457 - 459
o Piruz, 457 - 484
o Balash, 484 - 488
o Kavadh (Qobad) I, 488 - 496
o Tamasb, 496 - 499
o Kavadh I, 499 - 531
o Khosrow I (Anushirvan), 531 - 579
o Hormizd IV, 579 - 590
o Khosrow IIParviz, 590
o Bahram VI, 590 - 591
o Khosrow II Parviz, 591 - 628
o Bestam (in Media), 591 - 596
o Kavadh (Qobad) II Shiruye (Siroes), 628 - 630
o Ardashir III, 628 - 630
o Shahrbaraz, 630
o Purandokht, 629 - 631
o Azarmedukht, 631 - 632
o Hormizd V, 631 - 632
o Khosrow III, 632 - 633
o Yazdegird III, 632 - 651

[u] 400 Invasion of the White Huns. [/u]They destroy the Buddhist culture, and leave most of the country in ruins

[u] 425 - 550 Independent Yaftalee[/u] rule in Afghanistan .Yaftalee Dynasty -Established in northern Hindu Kush region of Takhar, this dynasty gains control over the majority of present day Afghanistan by 425.

[u] 530 Persians[/u] reassert control over all of what is now Afghanistan.

[u] 531 - 579 Khosrow I (Khosrow Anüshirvan), king of Persia[/u]

[u] 590 - 628 Khosrow II (Khosrow Parviz), king of Persia of the Sassanid, or Sassanian, dynasty[/u]

[u] 652 Arabs introduce Islam that was to influence the course of Afghanistan’s history[/u]

[u] 650 - 661 Arabs - Orthodox Caliphates[/u]

o Uthman (Osman), 650 - 656
o Ali, 656 - 661

[u] 661 - 750 Arabs - Umayyad Caliphate [/u]

o Mu'awiya I, 661 - 680
o Yazid I, 680 - 683
o Mu'awiya II, 683 - 684
o Marwan I, 684 - 685
o Abd-al-Malik, 685 - 705
o Al-Walid I, 705 - 715
o Suleyman, 715 - 717
o Umar II, 717 - 720
o Yazid II, 720 - 724
o Hisham, 724 - 743
o Al-Walid II, 743 - 744
o Yazid III, 744
o Ibrahim, 744
o Marwan II, 744 - 750

[u] 750 - 821 Arabs - Abbasid Caliphate [/u]

o Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah, 750 - 754
o Al-Mansur, 754 - 775
o Al-Mahdi, 775 - 785
o Al-Hadi, 785 - 786
o Harun al-Rashid, 786 - 809
o Al-Amin, 809 - 813
o Al-Mamun, 813 - 833

[u] 860 - 960 Samanid (Turkestan)[/u]

o Nasr I, 864 - 892
o Ismail, 892 - 907
o Ahmad, 907 - 914
o Nasr II, 914 - 942
o Nuh I, 942 - 954
o Abd al-Malik I, 954 - 961
o Mansur I, 961 - 976

[u] 962 - 1030 Ghaznavid Dynasty - (Khurasan)[/u]

o Mahmud, 970 - 1030 The Islamic era begins with Mohammed Ghazni and Afghanistan becomes the centre of Islamic power and civilisation. Several short-lived Muslim dynasties were founded, the most powerful of them having its capital at Ghazna (see Ghazni). Mahmud of Ghazna, who conquered the lands from Khorasanin Iran to the Punjab in India early in the 11th cent., was the greatest of Afghanistan's rulers
o Masoud I, 1030 - 1040

[u] 1140 - 1215 Ghorid[/u] leaders from central Afghanistan capture and burn Ghazni, then move on to conquer India.

[u] Ghurid Empire Shansabani Dynasty (Afghanistan)[/u]

o Izz Al-Din Husayn I, 1117 - 1146
o Sayf al_Din Suri, 1146 - 1149
o Baha al-Din Sam I, 1149
o Ala al-Din Husayn II, 1149 - 1161
o Say al-Din Muhammad I, 1161 - 1163
o Ghiyath al_Din Muhammad II, 1163 - 1203
o Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad III, 1203 - 1206
o Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud, 1206 - 1210
o Baha al-Din Sam II, 1210
o Ala al-Din Atsiz, 1210 - 1214
o Ala al-Din Muhammad IV, 1215 - 1215

[u] 1219 - 1221 Mongol Invasion of Afghanistan by Genghis Khan Empire[/u]

Khans (Mongol)

o Hülagü Khan, 1256 - 1265
o Abagha, 1265 - 1282
o Tegüder, 1282 - 1284
o Arghun, 1284 - 1291
o Gaykhatu, 1291 - 1295
o Baydu, 1295
o Mahmud Ghazan, 1295 - 1304
o Uljaytü, 1304 - 1316
o Abu Said, 1317 - 1335
o Arpa, 1335 - 1336
o Musa, 1336 - 1337
o Muhammad, 1336 - 1338
o Sati Beg, 1338 - 1339
o Jahan Temür, 1339 - 1340
o Sulayman, 1339 - 1343

[u] 1273 Marco Polo [/u]crosses Afghanistan on his voyage from Italy to China to discover the “Silk Route”. Revolts and battles between smaller kingdoms mark the next two centurie

[u] 1370 - 1404 Timurids and Turkmen Empire[/u]

Timurids

o Timur, 1393 - 1405
o Miranshah (Western Persia), 1405 - 1408
o Khalil (Western Persia 1409 - 1411), 1405 - 1409
o Shah Rokh Shah, 1409 - 1447
o Ulugh Beg, 1447 - 1449
o Soltan Abu Said, 1451 - 1469

[u] 1414 - 1421 The Sayyids[/u]

o Khizr Khan (1414-1421)

[u] 1451 Lodi dynasty An Afghan by the named Buhlul Khan invades Delhi, and seizes the throne.[/u]

o
1451-1489: Buhlul Khan Lodi
o
1489-1517: Sikandar Lodi
o
1517-1526: Ibrahim

[u] 1504-1519 Moghul dynasty[/u] Babur shah, takes control of Kabul, Babar begins to take control of Afghanistan. Babur, a descendant of Timur , used Kabul as the base for his conquest of India and the establishment of the Mughal empire in the 16th cent.

[u] 1520-1579 Bayazid Roshan[/u] (Afghan intellectual) revolts against the power of the Moghul government. Roshan was killed in a battle with the Moghuls in 1579--but his struggle for independence continued.

[u] 1613-1689 Khushhal Khan Khattak[/u] (Afghan warrior-poet) initiates a national uprising against the foreign Moghul government.

[u] 1708 Mir Wais Neka[/u] (forerunner of Afghan independence) makes Kandahar independent of Safavid Persia that had ruled it since 1622. Mir Wais, considered by some to be the father of Afghan independence, takes over Kandahar. His son, Mir Mahmud, invades Persia and liberates Herat.

o 1715-- Mir Wais dies peacefully, and lies in a mausoleum outside of Kandahar.
o 1722-- Mir Wais' son, Mir Mahmud, invades Persia and occupies Isfahan. At the same time, the Durranis revolt, and terminate the Persian occupation of Herat. The Durranis revolt to throw out Persians from Herat.
o 1725 (April 25)--Mir Mahmud is mysteriously killed after going mad. Afghans start to lose control of Persia.

[u] 1736 Persian King Nadir Shah occupies the south-west and later Kandahar; assassinated in 1747.[/u]

o the Persian Nadir Shah extended his rule to N of the Hindu Kush. After his death (1747) his lieutenant, Ahmad Shah, an Afghan tribal leader, established a united state covering most of present-day Afghanistan. His dynasty, the Durrani, gave the Afghans the name (Durrani) that they themselves frequently use.
o 1747 Nadir Shah is assassinated, and the Afghans rise once again. Afghans, under the leadership of Ahmad Shah Abdali retake Kandahar, and establish modern Afghanistan.

[u] 1747 - 1773 Ahmad Shah Durrani[/u], also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali and (Ahmad Shah Baba) is the founder of today's Afghanistan. Pir Sabir Shah, the spiritual guide of the time, showered his praise for the young Ahmad Shah by declaring him Dar-e-Durran (pearl of the pearls) not because that he was a military giant but for his humanity a definite quality of a statesman. The start of the Durrani's Empire.

[u] 1773 - 1793 Timur Shah[/u]

o Relocated the capital of Afghanistan from Kandahar to Kabul.

[u] 1793 - 1800 Zaman Shah[/u]

o He began to remove prominent Muhammadzai leaders from positions of power and replacing them with men of his own lineage, the Sadozai. This upset the delicate balance of Durrani tribal politics that Ahmad Shah had established and may have prompted Painda Khan and other Durrani chiefs to plot against the shah. Painda Khan and the chiefs of the Nurzai and the Alizai Durrani clans were executed, as was the chief of the Qizilbash clan. Painda Khan's son fled to Iran and pledged the substantial support of his Muhammadzai followers to a rival claimant to the throne, Zeman's older brother, Mahmood Shah. The clans who's chiefs Zeman had executed joined forces with the rebels, and they took Kandahar without bloodshed.

[u] 1800 - 1803 Shah Mahmood[/u]

o King of Afghanistan (1800 - 03; second time 1810 - 26)

[u] 1803 - 1810 Shah Shujah[/u]

o King of Afghanistan (1803 -10; second time 1839 - 42) whose alliance with the British led to his death.

[u] 1810 - 1826 Shah Mahmood and his brother Zaman Shah struggle for the throne.[/u]

o 1819-1826 Shaw Mahmood but the reign of the Sadozai line ended in 1818, and no predominant ruler emerged until Dost Muhammad became emir in 1826.

[u] 1826 - 1839 Dost Mohammad Khan[/u] takes Kabul, and establishes control. During his rule the status of Afghanistan became an international problem, as Britain and Russia contested for influence in central Asia. Aiming to control access to the northern approaches to India, the British tried to replace Dost Muhammad with a former emir, subordinate to them. This policy caused the first Afghan War (1838–42) between the British and the Afghans. Dost Muhammad was at first deposed but, after an Afghan revolt in Kabul, was restored. In 1857, Dost Muhammad signed an alliance with the British. He died in 1863 and was succeeded, after family fighting, by his third son, Sher Ali.

o King of Afghanistan (1826 - 39; second time 1843 - 63)
o 1832--1833 Persia moves into Khurasan (province), and threatens Herat. Afghans defend Herat successfully.
o 1834-- (May) Afghans lose Peshawar to the Sikhs; later they crushed the Sikhs under the leadership of Akbar Khan who defeated the Sikhs near Jamrud, and killed the great Sikh general Hari Singh. However, they failed to retake Peshawar due to disunity and bad judgment on the part of Dost Mohammad Khan.
o 1836 Dost Mohammad Khan is proclaimed as Amir al-mu' minin (commander of the faithful). He was well on the road toward reunifying the whole of Afghanistan when the British, in collaboration with an ex-king (Shah Shuja), invade Afghanistan to curtail the growing Russian and Persian influence.

[u] 1839 - 1842 Shah Shuja is installed as a "puppet king" by the British .[/u]

o First Anglo-Afghan War
+ After some resistance, Amir Dost Mohammad Khan surrenders to the British and is deported to India. (1839-1842)
+ April 1842--Shah Shuja killed by Afghans.
* 1842-1844 Akbar Khan (Afghan hero) is victorious against the British. The ferocity was such that the 16,500- B British garrison with 12,000 support staff and dependents were wiped out. Only one survived, of mixed British-Indian garrison, reaches the fort in Jalalabad, on a stumbling pony.
* Mohammad Akbar Khan was a major player in the defeat of the British army in the first Anglo-Afghan War (1839-1842). He outsmarted and killed Sir William MacNaughten, a top British official who highly advocated the invasion and subjugation of Afghanistan by the British army. Mohammad Akbar was very ambitous and wanted to regain all the land that was lost by the Afghans, and rebuild another great empire, similar to Ahmad Shah Abdali's. However, his father, Dost Mohammad Khan, who wanted to work with the British, feared his son's rise to power. Many believed that Amir Dost Mohammad poisoned his own son at the age of 29. Mohammad Akbar Khan is highly revered by Afghans today, and is seen as a major historical hero. A residential area of Kabul is named after him.
+ By 1843 the nation declares independence, Dost Khan returns to occupy the throne.
+ In 1844, Akbar Khan dies.

1843 - 1863 Dost Mohammad Khan comes back and occupies the royal throne. After the annihilation of British troops, Afghanistan once again becomes independent.

+ 1859-- British take Baluchistan , and Afghanistan becomes completely landlocked.

[u] 1863 - 1866 Sher Ali Dost Mohammad Khan's son , succeeds to the throne.[/u]

o King of Afghanistan (1863 - 66; second time 1868 - 79)

# (1865)--Russia takes Bukhara, Tashkent, and Samerkand.

[u] 1866 - 1867 Mohamad Afzal[/u]

+ Mohammad Afzal occupies Kabul and proclaims himself Amir.
+ October, 1867--Mohammad Afzal dies.

[u] 1867 - 1868 Mohammad Azam[/u]

+ Mohammad Azam succeeds to the throne
+ 1868--Mohammad Azam flees to Persia

[u] 1868 - 1879 Sher Ali reasserts control[/u]

+ 1873 Russia establishes a fixed boundary with Afghanistan and promises to respect its territorial integrity.
+ 1878-British launch their second war. For the second time, the Afghans’ spirited resistance forces them to withdraw. Sher Ali dies. Mohammad Yaqub Khan takes over but concedes to the British such key territories as Khyber and Pischin. The Afghans will never get back these regions.

[u] 1879 - Amir Muhammad Yaqub Khan takes over until October 1879.[/u]

+ Amir Muhammad Yaqub Khan gives up the following Afghan territories to the British: Kurram, Khyber, Michni, Pishin, and Sibi. Afghans lose these territories permanently.
+ Kabul occupied by British forces

[u] 1880 - 1901 Abdur Rahman[/u] takes throne of Afghanistan. He was, however, recognized by the British as emir in 1880, and he supported British interests against Russia..

+ Battle of Maiwand
* July 1880, Afghan woman named Malalai carries the Afghan flag forward after the soldiers carrying the flag were killed by the British. She becomes a hero for her show of courage and valour.
+ The British, shortly after the accession of the new Amir, withdraw from Afghanistan, although they retain the right to handle Afghanistan's foreign relations.
+ Abdur Rahman establishes fixed borders and he loses a lot of Afghan land.
+ Nuristan converted to Islam.
+ 1885- Russian forces seize the Panjdeh Oasis, a piece of Afghan territory north of the Oxus River. Afghans tried to retake it, but was finally forced to allow the Russians to keep Panjdeh, and the Russians promised to honor Afghan territorial integrity in the future.
+ 1893- The Durand line fixes borders of Afghanistan with British India, splitting Afghan tribal areas, leaving half of Afghans in what is now Pakistan.
+ 1895 Afghanistan's northern border is fixed and guaranteed by Russia
+ 1901-- Abdur Rahman dies, his son Habibullah succeeds him.

[u] 1907- 1919 Habibullah [/u]Khan’s regime.Russia and Great Britain sign the convention of St. Petersburg, Agreement reached between British and Russian governments over the territorial integrity of Afghanistan

[u] 1919 - 1929 Amanullah Khan[/u] (The reform King)

+
1921--Third Anglo-Afghan war.

1929 - 1930 Habibullah Kalakani (Bachae Saqaw)

1930 - 1933 Nadir Khan takes the throne; his tribal army loots government buildings and houses of wealthy citizens because the treasury was empty. Habibullah Kalakani, along with his supporters, and a few supporters of Amanullah Khan are killed by Nadir Khan. Now Nadir Khan establishes full control.

+
1933-- Nadir Khan was assassinated by a High School student whos father served Amanullah Khan and was killed by Nadir Khan.
+
Zahir Shaw, at the age of 19 inherits the throne, even though he did not want to take the throne. He rules until 1973. Zahir Shah's uncles serve as prime ministers and advisors until 1953.
+
Mahmud Tarzi dies in Turkey at the age of 68 with a heart full of sorrow and despair toward his country.

1940 - 1973 Zahir Shah proclaims Afghanistan as neutral during WW2

+
1949-- Afghanistan's Parliament denounces the Durand Treaty and refuses to recognize the Durand line as a legal boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Pashtuns in Pashtunistan (Occupied Afghan Land) proclaim an independent Pashtunistan, but their proclamation goes unacknowledged by the world community.
+
1973-- July 17th: Zahir Shah is in Europe, when his government is overthrown in a military coup headed by Daoud Khan his cousin.

1973 - 1978 Daoud Khan abolishes the monarchy, declares himself President. The Republic of Afghanistan is established.

+
1978-- Bloody Communist coup: Daoud is killed

1978 - 1979 Taraki is named President,

+
June--Afghan guerrilla (Mujahideen) movement is born.
+
1979--Taraki is killed

1979 - Hafizullah Amin takes the Presidency.

+ Mass killings of Afghans
+ US ambassador killed
+ 1979 --Amin is executed

1979 - 1986 Babrak Karmal replaceing Amin

+
1979 Soviet Union (Russia) invade in December.
+
Babrak Karmal is replaced by Dr. Najibullah.

1986 - 1992 Dr. Najibullah replaceing Karmal

+ 1987-- Najibullah proposes ceasefire, but the Mujahideen refuse to deal with a "puppet government".
+ 1988--1989 Peace accords signed in Geneva . Soviet Union defeated by Afghanistan, total withdrawal by the Soviets occurred on Feb. 15, 1989.
* The Geneva Accords and Their Aftermath

1992 April 15 The Mujahideen take Kabul and liberate Afghanistan, Najibullah is protected by UN.

+ The Mujahideen form an Islamic State--Islamic Jihad Council--elections.
+ Professor Burhannudin Rabbani takes power.
+ Through 1993, Hekmatyar's Hezb-i-Islami forces, allied with the Shi'a Hezb-i-Wahdat militia, clashed intermittently with Rabbani and Masood's Jamiat forces. Dostam switched sides, precipitating largescale fighting in Kabul and in northern provinces.
+ 1994-The Talibanmilitia are born, and advance rapidly against the Islamic government. Dostum and Hekmatyar continued to clash against Rabbani and Masood's government, and as a result Kabul is reduced to rubble.

1996 - 2001 Mullah Omar Taliban militia force President Rabbani and his government out of Kabul. After the capture of Kabul, the Taliban executed Najibullah.

2001 - Dec. 5 Hamid Karzai interim Afghan government


http://www.afghanistans.com/Information/History/Default.htm